Psychological Researches in Management

Psychological Researches in Management

Investigating the Effect of Spiritual Intelligence and Workaholism on Counterproductive Work Behaviors and Health in Workplace

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
Yousef Pashazadeh 1
Parissa Teymouri 2
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Business Management, Faculty of Economics and Management, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
2 Master of Public Administration, Niroo Research Institute, Urmia Department, Urmia, Iran
10.22034/jom.2025.2053016.1324
Abstract
Purpose: The emergence of counterproductivity behaviors in organizations and the need to pay attention to the health of employees in the workplace are one of the most important phenomena in today's organizations. In this research, the role of spiritual intelligence and workaholism as a kind of attitude and work behavior in this field will be reviewed. The main purpose of this research is to investigate the role of spiritual intelligence and workaholism on counterproductive and health behaviors of nurses and medical staff in the field of work.
Design/Methodology/Approach: This research is descriptive–correlative, applied in methodology, and in terms of collecting information method is a field study based on standard and combined questionnaires. The statistical population of this study includes nurses and medical staff of hospitals in West Azerbaijan province. Due to the impossibility of reaching all members of the statistical population, convenience sampling was used. 407 nurses and medical staff participated in this study as a statistical sample, and the criterion for inclusion in the statistical sample was employment in hospitals in West Azerbaijan province. To maintain research ethics, the subject and purpose of the study were explained to the members of the statistical sample before they participated in answering the research questionnaire. SmartPls3 software and structural equation modeling were used to analyze the research field data and evaluate the hypotheses. Four standard questionnaires with adequate reliability and validity were used to collect field data. To analyze the internal structure of the questionnaire and determine the convergent validity, the results of confirmatory factor analysis or "average variance explained" or AVE was used, and for this purpose, "standard factor loadings" and the AVE index were calculated for all items and variables. Given that the value of the factor loadings and the value of the AVE index for each variable are greater than 0.5, it can be concluded that the questionnaire of this study has acceptable validity. Cronbach's alpha coefficient and composite reliability (CR) were also used to measure reliability.
Findings: By examining the information obtained, it can be concluded that all research variables except the health at work variable have an average of more than the average, i.e. 3. Of course, an average of more than 3 for the spiritual intelligence variable and counterproductive behaviors in the organizations under study indicates the appropriate conditions of the variables, i.e. spiritual intelligence with an average of 3.75 indicates the good condition of this factor in hospitals; meaning that employees pay attention and are interested in the components of spiritual intelligence. Also, the average of 3.28 for counterproductive behaviors indicates the employees' unwillingness to engage in the aforementioned behaviors in the workplace, while the average of 3.64 for work addiction indicates the nursing and medical staff's willingness to engage in the aforementioned behaviors, which does not have a positive load. Also, the average of 2.99 for the health at work variable indicates that, from the perspective of the medical staff, the health conditions in their workplace are less than the average number. The findings also showed that all research hypotheses except hypothesis 4 were confirmed in the research model. Statistical data indicate that spiritual intelligence has a negative effect on counterproductive behaviors and has a positive and significant effect on health in the workplace and workaholism. Also, addiction to work with counterproductive behaviors did not have a significant effect on the health of the workplace.
Discussion and Conclusion:  The research found that spiritual intelligence significantly reduces counterproductive behaviors among employees. Enhancing employees' spiritual intelligence—through developing critical thinking, personal meaning, transcendental awareness, and overall consciousness—can help minimize such behaviors. Additionally, the study confirmed that spiritual intelligence positively impacts employee health by improving mental well-being, reducing stress, increasing adaptability, inner happiness, self-reliance, and self-discipline. Interestingly, while spiritual intelligence was found to have a positive effect on workaholism, workaholism itself negatively affects employee health. Increased workaholism was associated with lower workplace health, including issues like burnout, stress, anxiety, poor sleep, and depression. However, the study did not find a significant link between workaholism and counterproductive behaviors, which contrasts with some previous research that suggested a positive relationship. The fifth hypothesis—workaholism’s negative effect on employee health—was confirmed, particularly among medical staff. These findings suggest that although workaholism might seem productive on the surface, it can harm employees' physical and mental health over time. The study recommends that hospital managers and health policy-makers consider spiritual intelligence and workaholism as crucial variables in promoting productive workplace behaviors and safeguarding employee well-being.
Keywords
Spiritual Intelligence
Workaholism
Counterproductive Behaviors
Employee Health

Subjects

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