Psychological Researches in Management

Psychological Researches in Management

The Impact of Psychological Capital Dimensions on Entrepreneurial Behavior with the Mediating Role of Entrepreneurial Passion: A Study among Higher Education Students in Iran

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
Mohammad Sanaei 1
Nematollah Shiri 2
Razieh Sadraei 3
Hossein Mehdizadeh 2
1 M.A., Department of Entrepreneurship and Rural Development, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran.
2 Associate Professor, Department of Entrepreneurship and Rural Development, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran.
3 Assistant Professor, School of Strategy and Leadership, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom.
10.22034/jom.2025.2051216.1317
Abstract
 
Purpose: Psychological capital has been recognized as a key factor in fostering entrepreneurial behavior, yet the mediating role of entrepreneurial passion in this relationship remains underexplored. This study examines the influence of self-efficacy, resilience, optimism, and hope on entrepreneurial behavior among university students in Iran while considering the mediating role of entrepreneurial passion. Given the increasing demand for entrepreneurial competencies in today’s job market and the challenges faced by graduates, understanding the psychological traits that shape entrepreneurial tendencies can help policymakers and educators develop more effective strategies for fostering entrepreneurship.
Design/Methodology/Approach: This descriptive-correlational and applied study surveyed 506 university students in Iran, selected through random sampling, following Klein’s (2010) recommendations for determining adequate sample sizes in structural equation modeling (SEM). Data were collected using standardized questionnaires, including the Psychological Capital Scale (Luthans et al., 2007) and the Entrepreneurial Passion Scale (Cardon et al., 2009), while entrepreneurial behavior was measured using Shirokova et al.'s (2016) scale. These instruments demonstrated strong validity and reliability in previous research and were further tested for consistency in this study. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was conducted using SmartPLS 4, and SPSS 26 was used for descriptive and reliability analyses.
Findings: The results indicated that self-efficacy (β=0.14, p <0.000), resilience (β=0.16, p <0.018), and optimism (β=0.11, p <0.014) had significant positive effects on entrepreneurial behavior, suggesting that students with strong psychological capital are more inclined toward entrepreneurship. However, hope (p>0.409) did not directly impact entrepreneurial behavior, implying that having a positive outlook alone may not be sufficient to drive entrepreneurial actions.
Additionally, entrepreneurial passion significantly mediated the relationships between self-efficacy (β=0.21, p <0.000), optimism (β=0.09, p <0.041), and hope (β=0.20, p <0.000) with entrepreneurial behavior. This suggests that students with higher self-efficacy and optimism are more likely to engage in entrepreneurial activities when they possess strong entrepreneurial passion. However, no mediating effect was found for resilience (p>0.216), indicating that resilient students tend to pursue entrepreneurship independently of passion and are likely driven by external factors or their ability to withstand challenges.
Discussion and Conclusion: This study highlights the vital roles of self-efficacy, resilience, and optimism in promoting entrepreneurial behavior among university students, while entrepreneurial passion sometimes enhances motivation. Interestingly, hope did not show a direct impact, likely due to social and economic barriers limiting entrepreneurial activity. Notably, resilience emerged as an independent factor, driving students to pursue entrepreneurship even without strong passion. The findings have important implications for universities and policymakers. It is recommended that higher education institutions implement programs to enhance students' self-efficacy, optimism, and entrepreneurial passion. These may include entrepreneurship education, skill-building workshops, mentorship through business incubators, financial support for student ventures, and partnerships with industry to align education with market needs. Creating a supportive and proactive learning environment can further encourage entrepreneurial mindsets and career outcomes. However, the study has limitations. The research was conducted among Iranian university students, which may affect its applicability to other cultural or economic contexts. Future research should include cross-cultural studies to examine whether these findings hold in different settings. Additionally, the study's cross-sectional nature limits insights into how psychological factors and entrepreneurial behavior develop over time. Longitudinal research is needed to track these changes. Further studies should also explore other influential factors, such as social support, economic conditions, policy frameworks, and previous entrepreneurial experience, to better understand the complex psychological dynamics behind entrepreneurship.
Keywords
Psychological capital
Entrepreneurial behavior
Entrepreneurial passion
Higher education

Subjects

  1.  

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