Psychological Researches in Management

Psychological Researches in Management

Investigating the Moderating Role of Hardiness and the Mediator Role of Job Attitude in the Effect of Job Burnout on Extra Role Behaviors

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
Ali Yasini 1
Mohammad Adinehvand 2
Rahil Moradi 2
1 Associate Professor, Department of Management, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran.
2 MSc Student, Department of Management, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran.
10.22034/jom.2025.2048521.1304
Abstract
Purpose: In organizational settings, particularly within high-stress environments such as educational hospitals, understanding the factors that influence employee behavior is essential for improving overall performance and well-being. Job burnout has emerged as a critical issue affecting healthcare professionals, often leading to diminished job performance, impaired mental health, and adverse behavioral outcomes. The impact of burnout extends beyond individual health, potentially reducing employees’ engagement in organizational citizenship behaviors or extra-role activities that contribute to a positive workplace culture. Recognizing the complexity of these dynamics, recent research emphasizes the importance of moderating and mediating variables that can influence the relationship between burnout and work-related behaviors. Hardiness, as a personal resilience characteristic, has been identified as a potential moderating factor, capable of buffering the negative effects of burnout. This study aims to explore the impact of job burnout on extra-role behaviors, considering hardiness as a moderating variable and job attitudes as a mediating variable. The investigation focuses on the staff of educational hospitals in Ilam, seeking to provide a deeper understanding of these dynamics. The primary objective of this study is to investigate how job burnout affects extra-role behaviors and to identify the roles of hardiness and job attitudes in this context.
Design/Methodology/Approach: A descriptive-correlational research design was employed to examine the relationships among the variables. The study population consisted of 1,200 healthcare personnel working in the aforementioned hospitals, representing a diverse range of roles and departments within the healthcare setting. From this population, a representative sample of 292 individuals was selected using stratified random sampling to ensure proportional representation across different staff categories and positions, thereby enhancing the generalizability of the findings. Data collection was carried out through the administration of four standardized and validated questionnaires, each specifically designed to measure key constructs: hardiness, job burnout, job attitudes, and extra-role behaviors. These instruments have established reliability and validity, ensuring accurate measurement of the variables. The collected data were then analyzed using Partial Least Squares (PLS) software, which facilitated the application of structural equation modeling (SEM). This analytical approach allowed for the investigation of complex relationships and interactions among the variables, including the assessment of direct, indirect, and moderating effects. The use of PLS-SEM was particularly advantageous given its suitability for exploring predictive models and handling data that do not necessarily meet traditional parametric assumptions, thus providing robust insights into the underlying dynamics of healthcare personnel's work behaviors.
Findings: The findings reveal that job burnout significantly negatively impacts both extra-role behaviors and job attitudes. An increase in job burnout levels correlates with a reduction in positive behaviors and altruism among employees. Additionally, job attitudes positively and significantly influence extra-role behaviors, indicating that employees with favorable job attitudes are more likely to engage in behaviors beyond their prescribed job responsibilities. One of the key findings of this study is the role of hardiness as a moderating variable in the relationship between job burnout and extra-role behaviors. The results demonstrate that hardiness can act as a buffer against the negative effects of job burnout, implying that individuals with higher levels of hardiness experience less detrimental impacts on their extra-role behaviors.
 
Discussion and Conclusion: This research examines the complex factors affecting extra-role behaviors in the healthcare sector, highlighting the negative impact of job burnout, especially in high-stress environments like hospitals. It stresses the importance of enhancing employee hardiness to mitigate burnout through targeted training and effective coping strategies. Additionally, improving job attitudes via motivational strategies and fostering a supportive workplace culture can boost employee engagement and performance. A supportive environment that encourages open communication and recognition is essential for positive extra-role behaviors. Addressing job burnout requires a comprehensive approach involving the continuous evaluation of working conditions, resource availability, and educational opportunities. Studies suggest that resilient employees who experience less stress are more likely to demonstrate proactive behaviors. Given these insights, it is crucial to focus on the psychological and social aspects of healthcare, particularly in challenging times. This study lays the groundwork for future research on factors like organizational culture and environmental influences on job burnout and extra-role behaviors. Ultimately, tackling job burnout effectively can foster personal and professional growth, leading to improved service quality and organizational effectiveness.
Keywords
Job burnout
Extra-role behavior
Hardness
Job attitude
Ilam hospitals

Subjects

  1. حکیمی، ایمان (1399). شکست اعتماد سازمانی به وسیلۀ مدیران روان‌پریش: واکاوی نقش سرپرستی توهین‌آمیز و افول رضایت شغلی. مطالعات منابع انسانی، 10(2)، 75-100.  https://doi.org/10.22034/JHRS.2020.229425.1410
  2. خیرآبادی، شیرین (1397). تبیین خلاقیت کارکنان از طریق رهبری خدمتگزار، اعتماد به رهبر، مسیر شغلی و عزت‌نفس مبتنی بر سازمان در میان کارکنان ادارۀ کل بنادر و دریانوردی استان گیلان [پایان‌نامۀ کارشناسی ارشد[. دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد بندرانزلی.
  3. زمانی‌فرد، مهدی، و شکاری، حمیده (1399). بررسی تأثیر تعدی نظارتی بر شایعه‌پراکنی در سازمان (مطالعۀ موردی: کارکنان بانک قرض‌الحسنۀ رسالت استان فارس). هشتمین کنفرانس بین‌المللی تحقیقات در مدیریت، اقتصاد و توسعه. https://civilica.com/doc/1136423
  4. مقیمی، شیوا (1395). شناسایی عوامل مؤثر بر شکل‌گیری شایعه در سازمان‌ها و بررسی رابطۀ آن با بدبینی سازمانی (مطالعۀ موردی: شرکت ملی پخش فرآورده‌های نفتی ایران، منطقۀ شاهرود) [پایان‌نامۀ کارشناسی ارشد[. دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد شاهرود.

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