Psychological Researches in Management

Psychological Researches in Management

Investigating the effect of patriarchal leadership on the management of Difficult Employees: the mediating role of well-being and psychological empowerment

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
Mohammad Hossein Askarinia 1
Sayedaliakbar Ahmadi 2
Seyedmehdi Viese 3
Reza Rasouli 2
1 PhD student, Public Administration, Payam Noor University, Tehran, Iran.
2 Professor, Department of Management, Payam Noor University, Tehran, Iran.
3 Associate Professor, Department of Management, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran.
10.22034/jom.2024.2030956.1216
Abstract
Purpose: In every organization, there are staff whose behavior and ethics are different from others and their presence causes harmony in the work environment to be disturbed. It is more difficult to control and manage these employees than other employees. These employees are known as "Difficult Employees" in organizations. The way managers face such people in the workplace is one of the criteria for judging others about managers' managerial abilities and leadership style. One of the new leadership styles in today's era is the patriarchal leadership style. By reducing the distance between himself and the employees, patriarchal leadership creates a sense of trust and effective communication among employees, and by reducing psychological and inappropriate pressures on employees, it leads to a reduction of stress and anxiety in the work environment, and finally, it improves the capabilities of employees in the work environment. The current research seeks to determine the effect of patriarchal leadership style on the management of "Difficult Employees", considering the mediating role of psychological empowerment and psychological well-being of employees.
Design/Methodology/Approach: The current research is applied in terms of purpose, descriptive-correlative in terms of the nature of the method, and field research (survey) in terms of data collection. The spatial territory of the current research is Ilam City and the statistical community of the current research includes managers (high, middle, and operational) of government organizations in Ilam City, according to the statistics published by the Ilam governorate, their number is equal to 600 people; Therefore, using simple random sampling method, a total of 234 people were selected. The data of this research were collected through a standard questionnaire package, which includes a patriarchal leadership questionnaire with 10 questions, a psychological empowerment questionnaire with 6 questions, a psychological well-being questionnaire with 6 questions, and a problematic employee management questionnaire with 8 questions. The content validity of the questionnaires was confirmed using experts' 
opinions and its reliability was confirmed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The data analysis tool is structural equation modeling.
Findings: The results show that patriarchal leadership has a direct, positive, and significant effect on the management of "Difficult Employees". Also, patriarchal leadership through the variables of psychological empowerment and psychological well-being has an indirect, positive, and significant effect on the management of "Difficult Employees", and the mediating role of the two variables of psychological empowerment and psychological well-being in the influence of patriarchal leadership on the management of "Difficult Employees" has been confirmed.
Discussion and Conclusion: Patriarchal leadership has an interesting effect on the management of problematic employees, and this effect is strengthened by the presence of psychological empowerment and psychological well-being of employees. Patriarchal leaders can help improve the empowerment and the psychological well-being of employees and ultimately, improve organizational performance by creating human relationships, valuing and acknowledging, supporting and paying attention to needs, encouraging work-life balance, and creating a positive organizational culture. Leaders of organizations should spend more time on the work and personal life of their followers and try to create a balance between the work and personal lives of people and in this way, achieve a closer relationship with employees. A closer relationship with employees allows leaders to benefit from the constructive suggestions and opinions of informed employees when necessary. Also, showing attention to employees' family members and helping employees in times of need, including times of illness and financial problems, can establish a better relationship between the leader and the follower. In these situations, employees expect understanding and help from their leaders, and if the leader understands this need, they will get the employee's support, and the employee will rush to the leader's help when needed.
Keywords
Difficult Employees
Patriarchal leadership
Psychological empowerment
Psychological well-being

Subjects

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